Amategeko y’Uburundi arategekanya ibihano bitandukanye bihabwa uwakoze icaha. Kimwe muri ivyo bihano ni ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi bishobora guhabwa abagiriwe n’ivyaha bitarenza imyaka itanu y’umunyororo. Ariko ico gihano ntigikoreshwa cane kandi gishobora gutuma ibitigiri vy’abanyororo bari mu mabohero bigabanuka. No mw’ibohero ry’i Muramvya aho abanyororo 97 bahawe ico gihano, ntibarekuwe kandi atariko bitegekanijwe. Habuze iki ngo ico gihano gitegekanijwe kije mu ngiro ? Uyu mwanditsi arabituyagira.
Igitabo c’amategeko mpanavyaha co mu 2009 gihinyanyurwa mu 2017 kirategekanya igihano c’ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi, Travaux d’intérêt général (TIG) mu gifaransa. Ivyo biri mu kigabane ca 2 kuva ku ngingo ya 53 gushika 59.
Mu Burundi hari amabohero makuru makuru 11 gushika ubu harimwo abanyororo barenga 13 000. Ayo mabohero yose afise ubushobozi bwo kwakira abanyororo hafi 5 000 gusa. Abo biyongereyeko batuma haba ihungabana rikomeye ku buzima bwabo ndetse n’ubw’igihugu.
Uruhombo ku gihugu
Nk’uko bivugwa na Jean Marie Nshimirimana aserukira ishirahamwe riharanira agateka k’abanyororo n’imiryango yabo ryitwa Ntabariza, ubwishi bw’abari mu mabohero buterwa n’idindira ry’imanza. Kubw’iwe, hari abanyororo usanga bamaze igihe kitari gito mu mabohero batarumvirizwa bigatuma baguma bagwiza ibitigiri kandi bari kurekurwa bakaja gukora iyindi mirimo.
Nshimirimana avuga ati: “Abanyororo bafungurirwa ku musi ku musi, bakavurwa na Reta kandi ata co bariko barakora cinjiriza igihugu. Aho ni mu gihe muri bimwe mu bihugu vyo mu karere ka Afrika y’ubuseruko nka Tanzaniya, Urwanda n’ibindi, abanyororo bamwebamwe bakora ibikorwa biteza imbere igihugu.”
Igihano c’ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi, inyishu ku bibazo vyinshi
No mu Burundi, Igihano c’ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi kirategekanijwe. Cashizwe mu gitabo c’amategeko mpanavyaha ku mvo zitatu: kurwanya ukudahaha (récidive), gushimangira gusubizwa mu kibano ku baciriwe igihano co gupfungwa hamwe no kugabanura ibitigiri vy’abanyororo mu mabohero.
Ivyo bikorwa vyerekeye guhanisha uwo wese yagiriwe n’icaha gito gukora ibikorwa adahemberwa, akabikorera ishirahamwe rya Reta canke ryegamiye Reta, canke irifise uburenganzira bwo gukora ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi.
Igihano c’ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi ni igihano gitangwa nk’igihano gikuru. Akazi abahanywe bakora kaba ari ako guteza imbere igihugu n’abanyagihugu, guhuza abaregwa canke abakurikiranwa ku vyaha no guteza imbere imibereho yabo canke y’umwuga bakora. Igihano c’ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi gisubirira gupfungwa. Gishobora gutangwa ku bagiriwe n’ivyaha bitobito kuva ku mezi 2 gushika ku myaka 5. Ni ukuvuga ko abaciriwe igihano kirenza imyaka 5 gushika ku munyororo w’ubuzima bwabo bwose batarabwa n’ico gihano.
Umushingwamanza Théoneste Manirambona akurikiranira hafi ibijanye n’agateka ka zina muntu yemeza ko uwukurikiranwa akanahabwa igihano c’ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi ategerezwa kuba afise imyaka 15 canke irenga kandi akiyemerera ico gihano (Consentement mu gifaransa).
Uwo mushingwamanza avuga ati : “Igihano c’ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi ku banyororo kiri mu vyofasha igihugu kugera ku mbonakazoza y’igihugu cifashe gushika mu 2040 n’igihugu giteye imbere gushika mu 2060.” Abanyororo bari muri ico gihano baba bidegemvya. Barakora ibikorwa vy’inyungu z’igihugu bijanye n’uburimyi, kwubaka, gukingira ibidukikije n’ibindi. Ivyo vyotuma igihugu kihungukira.
Ni kuki ico gihano kitaja mu ngiro none ?
Mu bushikiranganji bw’Ubutungane bavuga ko intambamyi zituma igihano c’ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi kitaja mu ngiro aruko abeshi bacibwa ivyo bihano baba bakurikiranwa ku vyaha bidegemvya, iyo bamaze gucirwa ico gihano ntibaja kumenyeshwa urwo baciriwe kugira ruje mungiro.
Ikindi ni uko hari ukutavugana hagati y’abashikirizamanza bakukira amasentare n’abajejwe intwaro kugira ivyo bihano vy’ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi bije mu ngiro nk’uko vyemezwa na Anne Marie Nkeshimana, umuvugizi w’ubushikiranganji bw’ubutungane.
Uwo avugira ubwo bushikiranganji amenyesha ko abanyororo 97 ari bo bakora ivyo bikorwa mw’ibohero rikuru rya Muramvya n’ubwo batidegemvya. Ahamagarira abashikirizamanza kwumva ko boshira mu ngiro ibikorwa vy’inyungu rusangi ku banyororo biraba kuko bizotuma igihugu gishika kw’iterambere.
Mw’ijambo yashikirije Abarundi mu mpera z’umwaka w’2023 twinjira mu 2024, umukuru w’igihugu Evariste Ndayishimiye yagize ati : “Turakeneye ko umwaka w’2024 uzorangira ata Murundi adafise ico yerekana nk’umwimbu yaronse. Ni co gituma tugiye gufata ingingo zituma Umurundi wese aja ku kivi gushika n’aho abari mu mabohero atari abicanyi tuzobatezurira kugira bave aho bicaye barya ivya gusa batahe hanyuma baje ku kivi”.
Nk’uko yabimenyesheje, ivyo yabivuze kuko kwicarika umuntu mw’ibohero uziko naho yotaha ata co yiba canke ngo yice ari uruhombo runini. Ari naho yamenyesheje ko n’aho yoba yakoze icaha gituma apfungwa, hazofatwa ingingo z’ibindi bihano yokora akaja ku kivi.
Mu bisanzwe, nta kindi gisigaye atari uko inzego zibijejwe zishira mu ngiro ico gihano ku neza y’iterambere ry’igihugu.