Amajambo cumi y’ikirundi yazananye n’intwaro ya gikoroni

Uburundi bwamaze imyaka 66 bucurwa bufuni na buhoro. Bwamaze imyaka 20 mu minwe y’Abadagi (kuva mu 1896-1916), 46 buyimara mu minwe y’Ababiligi     (kuva mu 1916-1962). Kumara ico gihe cose mu minwe ya ba kavamahanga ntivyijanye ku rurimi rw’Ikirundi, kuko rwahakuye amajambo atari make. Muri kino gihe isi yose iriko ihimbaza umusi wahariwe indimi kavukire, twashimye kubashikiriza amwe muri ayo majambo. 

Ururimi ni kimwe mu biranga igihugu ico ari co cose, rukaba ari na rwo rubumbatira kahise, n’imico n’imigenzo vyaco. Mu Burundi, aho ururimi rw’Ikirundi ruhuriye n’izindi ndimi zazanywe n’ubukoroni hamwe n’amadini mashasha, haravutse amajambo atari make n’ubu agikoreshwa. Igitabu « Écho des études Romanes » ( Ijwi ry’inyigisho z’Ikiromani Ndlr) casohotse mu 2008 muri kaminuza ya Boheme y’ubumanuko, mu gice caco ca kane, kiravyerekana. 

“Ikigori”: iryo jambo rikomoka kw’ijambo ry’Icongereza “Hickory King Corn”, ubwoko bumwe bw’ibinyantete bikomoka mu gihugu ca Megizike muri Amerika y’epfo, bwazanywe mu Burundi n’Ababirigi.  Kubera bitoroheye Abarundi b’ico gihe gusubiramwo iryo jambo, baciye bigana uko rivugwa rica riba “ikigori”, gushika n’uyu musi.    

“Amahera” : Aho hambere, urudandazwa mu Burundi ntirwakoreshwa amafaranga nk’uko biri ubu. Hakora kuguzanya ibintu n’ibindi hisunzwe agaciro ka kimwe n’ikindi. Vyose vyagiye guhinduka aho Abadagi bashikiye mu gihugu, bagatangura gukoresha, mu 1904, ikingorongoro citwa “heller”. Abarundi ni ho baca bigana uko kivugwa, maze havuka izina “amahera” rigikoreshwa kugeza n’ubu.  

“Kuvutira” : iri rivuga risigura, gufasha inka iriko iravyara. Ibi bavuga ko vyoba vyavuye ku mu ntu w’Umubirigi yabonye abantu bariko bafasha inka kuvyara, bakwega inkoni ( utuguru tw’inyana iriko iravuka), akavuga asemerera ati :“Vous tirez”, mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa. Kuva ico gihe, gufasha inka iriko iravyara vyaciye vyitwa “kuvutira”.  Naho hari abavuga ko ryoba rifitaniye isano n’irivuga kuvuta, abatohoje basanze ata sano bifitaniye. 

“Iguturiya” : Iri jambo rikoreshwa mu kuvuga ijipo ndende. Iryo ryaje riva mu bumanuko bw’igihugu ahaba abamisiyonari b’abarokore bo mw’idini rya Pentegoti ku ntwaro y’Ababiligi. Hageze guhimbaza umwaka mushasha, abakenyezi b’abapasitori baraza mu Burundi, bambaye amajipo maremare. Bashika bipfuriza abagabo babo “umwaka mwiza”, babivuga mu Congereza bati: “Good Year”. Abarundi b’ico gihe baca bafatira kuri iryo jambo, ijipo ndende yose baja barayita “iguturiya”. 

“Uburengeti” : tukivuga abo bamisiyonari baba mu bumanuko bw’igihugu, bari mu mbeho y’aho, bama bakenera kwipfuka mw’ijoro. Atuma urutoke ico yipfuka, yavuga ati: “bring it.” Abarundi bo bumva avuze “uburengeti”. Na “blancket”, izina ry’iyo mpuzu mu Congereza, riravugwa ko ari ryo ryatumye havuka izina “uburengeti”. 

“Ishure”: iri zina rikoreshwa cane mu Kirundi, risigura isomero. Rikaba rikomoka mw’ijambo ry’Ikidagi “ Shule”, Abarundi baciye bita “ishure”.

“Intofanyi”: iri jambo ryavuye kw’izina ry’igiterwa c’ikiraya mu Kidagi bita “Kartoffel”. Abarundi baryiganye uko rivugwa baca bagumya “intofanyi.”

“Imisa”: iryo jambo ryazananye n’abamisiyonari b’abagatorika. Inkuka y’imisa yahimbazwa mu rurimi rw’Ikilatini, nayo mu kuyisozera, umusaseredoti akavuga ati: “ite missa est”, ico gihe co gusenga no guhimbaza gica citwa imisa mu Kirundi, kugeza n’uno musi.

“Padiri”: iryo jambo riva mw’ijambo ry’Ikiatini “padre”, izina ryitwa umusaseredoti wese w’umugatorika w’ico gihe. Mu kurivuga, Abarundi baciye biyorohereza bavuga padiri (canke patiri), gushika n’uno musi. Hari n’abandi bemeza ko iryo jambo ryoba ryavutse igihe abasaseredoti batanga umuceri kugira bakwegakwege abayoboke, hageze igihe bakaja barababwira mu Gifaransa bati: “pas du riz”.

 “(I)nabutokomba”: iryo jambo rikoreshwa mu kuvuga umuntu ataco amaze canke ataco ashoboye mu kibano. Ryavutse igihe Abadagi bariko birukana Ababirigi, bakoresha abasirikare b’Abanyafirika, uwudashoboye urugamba bakavuga ko ari “inapte au combat”. Abarundi baca bahinduriramwo ngo ni “(i)nabutokomba”, bakarikoresha mu kuvuga ko umuntu ataco ashoboye, asuzuguritse mu kibano.

Mwoba muzi ayandi majambo yoba yazanywe n’intwaro y’abakoroni ? Dusabikanirize.