#YagaDécodeur: inkomoko y’izina “Buramatari”

Twaheruka kubasabikaniriza amajambo cumi dukoresha mu rurimi rw’Ikirundi, ariko tuyakesha intwaro y’abakoroni. Tukiri mu vy’intwaro nyene, hari n’ayandi yaje muri ivyo bihe, n’ubu dukoresha, ariko yoyo akaba afise inkomoko igoye gutora, ariko ikaba ihambaye cane. Izina Buramatari ryoba ryavuye hehe ? 

Kuva ku wutwara agacimbiri kugeza ku mukuru w’igihugu, hari amazina n’amajambo akoreshwa mu ntwaro. Turafise umunyagacimbiri (umukuru w’agacimbiri), umukuru w’umutumba, umukuru wa zone, na Musitanteri (rikomoka kw’ijambo ry’igifaransa “administrateur”).  Ariko  aha ntitwokwibagira n’uwitwa “nyumbakumi”, izina rikomoka ku majambo y’igiswahiri nyumba rigasigura inzu na kumi gisigura cumi”, kukaba nka ko, uwo muntu atwara inzu cumi. Tugiye ku rwego rw’intara, uwuyiramutswa bamwita Buramatari. None iryo zina ryoba ryavuye hehe ?

Umuzo wa Stanely muri Afirika

Kugira dutahure inkomoko y’iryo jambo, twobanza kwibukanya umuzo w’umuntu ahambaye cane muri kahise, umumenyeshamakuru Henry Morton Stanley. Uwo mumenyeshamakuru arazwi cane mu Burundi, kubera ibuye riri ku ruzi Mugere. Hari icibutso c’aho be na David Livingstone, umumisiyonari bamaze amajoro abiri, kuva ku wa 25 gushika ku wa 27  Munyonyo 1871. 

Abantu benshi barihenda bakavuga ko hoba ari ho bahuriye irya mbere, ariko mu vy’ukuri, uguhura kwabo kwabereye mu gisagara ca Ujiji muri Tanzaniya ku wa 10 Munyonyo 1871 nk’uko Stanely avyandika mu gitabu ciwe yise « How I Found Livingstone ».  Bamaranye imisi itandatu, ni ho bipfuza kuza kuraba inzuzi zoba zisuka mu kiyaga Tanganyika. Bafashe ubwato, maze bubashikana ku kigwati cari aho ku ruzi Mugere, umutware waho yitwa Mukamba ngo yabakiranye igishika akabaha akazu bararamwo. 

Kubera ibintu bihambaye yandikiye ikinyamakuru New York Herald co muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika  na Daily Telegraph co mu Bwongereza, yakorera ico gihe, bashimye kumurungika kuguma atohoza ivyerekeye ibiyaga binini. Mu 1874, yagarutse kubandanya atohoza isoko rya Nil, narirya yari yabonye ko ataho ruhuriye n’ikiyaga Tanganyika. Yaciye ku biyaga vyinshi harimwo na Vigitoriya, mu nyuma aca aragenda no kugeza ku ruzi Kongo.

Bamutaziriye “Bula Matari”

Mu 1879, inyuma yo guhura n’umwami w’Ububiligi Leopold II, yaragarutse mu gihugu ca Kongo aje kuraba uko ico gice cotezwa imbere. Yashitse ashinga ibivuko vy’ubudandaji, agiriranira amasezerano n’abatware batandukanye bari begereye ibiyaya vy’uruzi Kongo, bituma aba mu bantu begereye intwaro cane. Mu bikorwa vy’iterambere bakora, vyarashika bakamena amabuye. Stanley rero ari mu bazanye ubuhinga buhanitse bwo kuyamena hakoreshejwe urutambi (ruyaturitsa ari co bita dynamites mu gifaransa). 

Nk’uko bivugwa n’abanyakahise batandukanye, abantu batari bwabibone baca bamutazira “Bula Matari”. Bula ni ijambo risigura kumena, Matari (canke matadi) rigasigura amabuye mu rurimi rw’Igikongo (urwo bita Kikongo) ruvugwa n’abantu bo mu bwoko bw’Abakongo bo mu gihugu ca Repuburika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Turishize mu Kirundi, iryo ritazirano rikaba ryoca riba nka “Rumenamabuye”.

Ariko umutohoji Mundele Ndundu, mu gitabo yanditse co kirangiza igice ca gatatu c’ivyigwa vya kaminuza (thèse de doctorat mu gifaransa) kuri kaminuza ya Lyon 2, yisunze inyandiko z’umupatiri yera yitwa Bontick, avuga ko Stanley bamwita uko kubera ukuntu yakarira cane abo yari arongoye, rimwe na rimwe akanabarenganya.

N’igihe Stanely yitavye Imana ku wa 10 Rusama 1904, ku mva yiwe iri imbere y’isengero St Michel ryo mu ntara ya Surrey mu Bwongereza banditseko « Henry Morton Stanley, Bula Matari, 1841–1904, Africa », bikagaragara ko ako gatazirano batakibagiye. 

Ako kazina ka bulamatari kahavuye gakwiragira nk’agasigura indongozi zari mu ntwaro za gikoroni narirya Stanley yari umuhanuzi wa hafi w’umwami w’Ababirigi Léopold II muri ako karere ku bw’ubumenyi yari agafiseko. 

Igihe Uburundi bugiriye mu minwe y’Ababirigi, iryo jambo ryakoreshwa cane n’Abanyekongo ryaciye riza no mu Barundi, maze uwo muntu arongoye intara aca ahabwa izina rya “Buramatari”.